Bernoulli Venturi Tube

Bernoulli Venturi Tube is an interactive 3D fluid-dynamics simulation showing how flow speed and static pressure trade off inside a constricted pipe. Students drag the glowing throat collar to change the constriction diameter D_2, adjust inlet velocity v_1 and fluid density rho, and fire dye pulses through the stream. Three vertical manometer tubes mounted at the inlet, throat, and outlet display the static pressure head in real time, illustrating both the continuity equation (A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2) and Bernoulli's equation (P_1 + 1/2 rho v_1² = P_2 + 1/2 rho v_2²).

• Drag the orange throat collar inward to reduce Throat diameter D_2 from 15 cm to 9 cm and watch the tracer particles surge faster through the neck.
• Compare the middle manometer column P_2 against the inlet column P_1 as throat speed v_2 increases, confirming that higher flow speed creates lower static pressure.
• Double the Inlet speed v_1 with the slider and verify that the Pressure drop delta P quadruples because dynamic pressure scales with v².
• Press Dye pulse to highlight a packet of fluid particles and observe how they stretch apart in the fast throat and compress again in the outlet diffuser.
• Increase Fluid density rho from 700 kg/m³ to 1400 kg/m³ and observe how the pressure drop delta P scales proportionally with density.

1. 1Use the continuity equation A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2 to calculate how pipe diameter affects fluid velocity.
2. 2Apply Bernoulli's principle to explain why static pressure drops where fluid speed increases.
3. 3Calculate the Venturi pressure drop delta P = 1/2 rho (v_2² - v_1²) from inlet and throat speeds.
4. 4Interpret vertical manometer column heights as direct measurements of local static pressure.

Questions teachers ask