Ionic & Covalent Bonding

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About this simulation

Build NaCl, MgO, H₂, Cl₂ and O₂. Follow electrons through transfer or sharing and compare ionic lattices with molecules.

What students can explore

How many electrons move in MgO, and how many pairs are shared in O₂?
Only outer-shell electrons are drawn. Colours, dots and crosses track origins, not different electron types. Ionic grids are schematic lattice slices, not molecules. Lewis diagrams omit orbitals and 3D geometry; the octet shortcut is not universal.

Learning objectives

1How many electrons move in MgO, and how many pairs are shared in O₂?

Questions teachers ask

How many electrons move in MgO, and how many pairs are shared in O₂?

Mg transfers two electrons to O, giving Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ with zero total charge. O₂ shares two pairs: a double bond.

About the model

Only outer-shell electrons are drawn. Colours, dots and crosses track origins, not different electron types. Ionic grids are schematic lattice slices, not molecules. Lewis diagrams omit orbitals and 3D geometry; the octet shortcut is not universal.

Embed this simulation

Drop it into your LMS, blog, or class site — free.

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